By combining normative philosophy and empirical social science, we craft a research framework for assessing differential expectations embodied in normative conceptions of the economic social contract in the United States. We argue that there are distinctviews of such a contract grounded in individualist and communitarian philosophical ideologies. We apply this framework to organizational downsizing, postulating that certain human resource practices, in combination with the respective ideological orientations, will affect perceptions of the justice of downsizing policies.Living up to one’s word is (...) a decisive measure of moral character. Within the microsocial realm of the family, promises and commitments derive their social force and cultural meaning from the idea that love or biology binds people together in an absolute way. But outside of this world, in the larger society, the only thing binding people together is a sense that there is a social contract, a set of common obligations held collectively by society as a whole. But today’s workers say no one seems to care whether these promises are kept. (shrink)

Levinas’s ethics has not been able to address the plethora of human challenges arising from the ethical quicksand and moral quandaries in our existential world. The problem of ethics in Levinas’ s philosophical cum phenomenological analysis, is the problem of human communication, social interaction, human emancipation, freedom, and existential/ metaphysical relations. Freedom has become not just a hot concept in different fields of study, but a very powerful and a driving concept. For Levinas, freedom is not just the absence of (...) constraints or impediments but obedience to laws and even the laws of nature inclusive. This paper adopted the method of hermeneutic to critically analyze Levinas’s phenomenological ethics. This paper concludes by exposing the facts that human communication or interaction is based on understanding and the ethics of difference is part and parcel of inter-subjectivity. Dasein is always faced with the fulfilment in its lived temporality. A sharing of the world is an essential characteristics of human togetherness. Dasein, in its dialogical engagement and existential commitment is usually based on freedom, strife, world sharing and resistance. Dialogical philosophy is the foremost part of world’s cosmic law of concrete social network. (shrink)

Although social contracts theory has been applied to organizations (Donaldson & Dunfee, 1994), rarely has the theory been tested empirically. This article uses the traditions of communitarianism and individualism to instantiate an ideal-type economic social contract. We asked 269 subjects to complete the Ideological Orientation Scale and to make judgments on eight downsizing scenarios. Using social judgment theory, we assess the direct and indirect influences of ideology on judgments of fairness. Our findings suggest that ideology indeed shapes individual’s conceptions of (...) organizational fairness. (shrink)

Abstract:By combining normative philosophy and empirical social science, we craft a research framework for assessing differential expectations embodied in normative conceptions of the economic social contract in the United States. We argue that there are distinct views of such a contract grounded in individualist and communitarian philosophical ideologies. We apply this framework to organizational downsizing, postulating that certain human resource practices, in combination with the respective ideological orientations, will affect perceptions of the justice of downsizing policies.

ABSTRACT Academic dishonesty has been found to be on the increase globally, affecting the quality of education, ethics of professional practices and career outcome. Substantial literature exists on the role of religious commitment in reducing academic dishonesty, but few or no studies have examined the pathways explaining this link. The present study examined whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between RC and AD. Undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka completed the Academic Dishonesty Scale, Religious Commitment Inventory and New General Self-Efficacy (...) Scale and also provided relevant demographic information. Results of statistical analysis indicated that RC was negatively associated with AD. Self-efficacy was also a partial mediation in the relationship between RC and AD. This implies that self-efficacy contributes to the pathways through which RC influences AD among students. Our findings suggest that consideration of students’ level of self-judgment on their ability to cope with academic demands may be an important target toward enhancing the influence of RC in reducing academic dishonest behaviors among students. (shrink)

Conflicts are commonplace in human relationships. The Bible is replete with narratives and proverbial statements which border on conflict scenarios and conflict resolution strategies. Conflict cannot be severed from relationships between biological brothers and sisters, Christians, friends, colleagues and husbands and wives. In this qualitative study, the researchers examined the menace 'conflict between husbands and wives'. There is no husband and wife relationship which is devoid of disputes and conflicts. In husband and wife relationship, conflict situations could arise from lack (...) of sexual discipline, lack of sexual satisfaction, finance, lack of communication and other areas. The thrust of this article was to examine conflict resolution principles in the light of biblical proverbs. Biblical proverbs refer to concise and wise sayings in the Bible, which give pieces of advice about everyday life. This article utilised the descriptive research methodology to analyse the primary and secondary data. The major finding of this work are numerous biblical proverbs which are veritable means for resolving conflicts between husbands and wives. CONTRIBUTION: The article brought to fore the major factors which lead to conflict between husbands and wives. The authors exegetically studied the chosen proverbs in order to ascertain its relevance to conflict situations. The major contribution of this article is that the messages of certain proverbs in the Book of Proverbs are very useful in resolving conflicts between husbands and wives. (shrink)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's rationale for supporting the development and approval of BiDil for heart failure specifically in black patients was based on under-powered, post hoc subgroup analyses of two relatively old trials , which were further complicated by substantial covariate imbalances between racial groups. Indeed, the only statistically significant difference observed between black and white patients was found without any adjustment for potential confounders in samples that were unlikely to have been adequately randomized. Meanwhile, because the accepted (...) baseline therapy for heart failure has substantially improved since these trials took place, their results cannot be combined with data from the more recent trial amongst black patients alone. There is therefore little scientific evidence to support the approval of BiDil only for use in black patients, and the FDA's rationale fails to consider the ethical consequences of recognizing racial categories as valid markers of innate biological difference, and permitting the development of group-specific therapies that are subject to commercial incentives rather than scientific evidence or therapeutic imperatives. This paper reviews the limitations in the scientific evidence used to support the approval of BiDil only for use in black patients; calls for further analysis of the V-HeFT I and II data which might clarify whether responses to H-I vary by race; and evaluates the consequences of commercial incentives to develop racialized medicines. We recommend that the FDA revise the procedures they use to examine applications for race-based therapies to ensure that these are based on robust scientific claims and do not undermine the aims of the 1992 Revitalization Act. (shrink)

It will be assumed that the questions are legitimate.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Für Nietzsches Philosophie der tragischen Bejahung, die eine der Transformation ist, sind die Relationen zwischen dem Übermenschen und der ewigen Wiederkehr von enormer Bedeutung. Um diese herauszuarbeiten, untersucht die Studie die nietzscheanischen Menschentypen? ausgehend von der These, dass es Nietzsche immer um den schaffenden Menschen geht? vom 'Heerdenthier' bis zum Übermenschen, sodass die mit ihnen verbundenen Dispositive (Metaphysik, Religion, Moral, Philosophie und Kunst) in Nietzsches Evaluation transparent werden.

Der Band enthält Essays des bekannten Zürcher Philosophen, die auf vielfältige Weise so grundlegende Dinge wie den Ursprung des Bösen, die Machbarkeit des Glücks, die Möglichkeit von Hoffnung oder das Wesen der Verführung behandeln. Gemeinsam ist diesen Arbeiten die Absicht, die großen Philosophischen Themen aus ihrem Zusammenhang in den alltäglichen Empfindungen unseres Daseins zu verstehen. Das ist das, was Kohler die >Kunst des Philosophierens nennt: Kunst vergnügt, weil sie, ohne zu langweilen, viel zum Denken aufgibt.

Bd. 1. Der objektive Geist aus der Heidelberger Enyklopädie 1817 mit Hegels Vorlesungsnotizen 1818-1819. Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft nach der Vorlesungsnachschrift von C.G. Homeyer 1818/19. Zeitgenössische Rezensionen der Rechtsphilosophie.--Bd. 2. Die Rechtsphilosophie von 1820 mit Hegels Vorlesungsnotizen 1821-1825.-- Bd. 4. Philosophie des Rechts nach der Enzyklopädie zweite und dritte Auflage (1827 und 1830). Philosophie des Rechts nach der Vorlesungsnachschrift von D. F. Strauss 1831 mit Hegels Vorlesungsnotizen.

Pirckmayer, G. Verfrühte Demokratie.--Klein, R. Lebenswege.--Pirckmayer, G. Utopie und die Pragmatik des Bestehenden.--Ficker, L. von, Heer, F. Kommentare.--Pirckmayer, G. Das Recht der gleichen Chance.--Glaner, M. Zur ideologischen Einordnung.--Winter, E. F. Einladung zur Diskussion.--Pirckmayer, G. Das Recht der gleichen Chance, heute.--Pirckmayer, G. Entwurf eines Modellschulwerkes im Sinne des Rechtes der gleichen Chance.--Pirckmayer, G. Das Prinzip.--Pirckmayer, G. Das Exercise.--Zusanek, H. Anmerkungen zum Prinzip.--Pirckmayer, G. Das Prinzip, heute.--Pirckmayer, G. Entwurf eines Modellschulwerkes im Sinne des Prinzips.--Orel, A. Über den Komponisten Georg Pirckmayer.--Scholz, G. Werkstattgespräche (...) mit dem Komponisten. (shrink)

Since the financial crisis first erupted in the summer of 2007, the US Federal Reserve has sought to contain negative spillovers into the real economy by dramatically loosening monetary policy. Initially, this was done by lowering its key lending rates, but as the crisis has worsened, and rates have approached closer to zero, it has resorted to expanding its balance sheet in a historically unprecedented fashion. The Fed’s total assets have more than doubled to nearly $2 trillion since the summer (...) of 2007.Much of the debate surrounding the wisdom of this extraordinary increase in the production of money has revolved around its expediency–in other words, will it actually work to rescue the economy? Very little has been said, at least explicitly, about whether it is the morally right thing to do.This paper seeks to fill this gap by providing a moral analysis of the Fed’s response to the financial crisis. For this purpose, we apply Aristotelian virtue theory, Lockean natural rights philosophy, Kantian deontology, and Benthamite utilitarianism. The idea is that if a consensus, or a strong majority, can be reached from differing philosophic assumptions and starting points, then the resulting judgment ought to be compelling for all neutral observers. On the basis that the Fed’s efforts are likely to result in a marked rise in inflation, we argue that every one of these four moral theories ultimately renders a negative judgment. As such, we conclude that the Fed is pursuing an immoral course. (shrink)

1. Bd. Halbbd. 1. Begriff der Religion. Halbbd. 2. Die bestimmte Religion. <1. Kapitel>.--2. Bd. Die Religionen der geistigen Individualität. Halbbd. 1. Die bestimmte Religion. <2. Kapitel> Halbbd. 2. Die absolute religion. Bibliographische Hinweise (p. [245]-256).